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Football forecasting methods.
     Football can not be ignored by scientific research, including mathematical sciences. The crucial issue here is an adequate assessment of the sport event and the forecast of performance of teams. We will focus on the basic indicators characterizing the entertainment, the dynamism, the level of competition and the balance of team forces - on the scoring performance.
     
      We would try to compare several mathematical methods associated with the statistics that can serve as methods to determine the victory of any team in the match with an opponent, we compare these methods and in our opinion, we will choose the best of the proposals.

     
      In order to compare the effectiveness of teams or players who had a different number of matches, average performance is the most appropriate tool of comparison. However, there are some pitfalls that can lead to the fact that this tool is, figuratively speaking, "will be spoiled", not leading to an objective comparison, but distorting the real picture.

    
      However, in the characteristics of the various football tournaments, teams or individual players the concept of "average performance" is used quite often. It would be better to speak of "the arithmetic mean of the impact", i.e. the number of goals scored divided by the number of matches. The meaning of "average performance" - is the most likely outcome of an arbitrarily chosen match.

Average performance provides us with a more or less accurate guide to our expectations of the number of goals scored in every match.
However, using the arithmetic mean is often not sufficiently informative. Let's consider an example.

Table 1 Results of the Premier League (England) 2010-11, team – Chelsea (1-3 tours)

Tour number 1 2 3
Number of goals 6 6 2

Average effectiveness of team for the 1-3 tours is calculated as
(6+6+2)/3 = 5 goals per match

Table 2 Results of the Premier League (England) 2010-11, team – Chelsea (5-7 tours)

Tour number 5 6 7
Number of goals 4 0 2

Average effectiveness of team for the 1-3 tours is calculated as
(4+0+2)/3 = 2 goals per match

      If you hear about the number of average effectiveness and you don’t know anything more, you will go to the stadium with foretaste to see unbelievable goals. But in reality this simple method doesn’t work. In 1-3 tours team Chelsea has more effective usage of its tactics and power, but during 5-7 tours we see such appropriateness which misleads us. Considering this method, there is not enough information about teams and footballers, because we need to make a clear picture of last matches to make some clear forecast. In our opinion, this method is not suitable in any case for football forecasting.

      What about correlation and regression method of analysis? Let’s use an example.

      Using this paired correlation (between wins and goals parameters) we have calculated the relation equation by the method of least squares, by decision of the equation system. With the help of received data we have calculated the correlation coefficient for characteristic of strength degree of connection in case of linear dependence; by this parameter we can see that the qualitative estimation of connection degree from the Chedok scale is characterized as moderate connection. The coefficient of determination shows the dependence degree equally to 0.0044 % of the resulting parameter from the change of factorial parameter.

       Also we tried to do another calculation.

       From this calculation we can see that the correlation coefficient for characteristic of strength degree of connection in case of linear dependence equals to zero that is show us that there is no dependence between ‘goals and loses’ or there is a little dependence.

       From these two examples, it is necessary to say that using correlation and regression method of analysis for football matches’ forecasts cannot give us a clear picture of dependences and also the picture of team who will win one or another match, of course, there is a little level of probability, as we think.

       We want to talk about another method, the forecast probability of which equals to 65%-70%.
Using the Bayes formula, we can calculate the result of the match.

This formula looks like:

       For the first view, there is incomprehensibility. But using "live” example, we think it will be clear. So, we took into account three examples.
First of all, bringing in the series of conceptions and designations:
• A – the match took place (event);
• H1 – hypothesis that home (1st team) will win;
• H2 – hypothesis that guest (2nd team) will win;
• H3 – hypothesis that between these two teams will be draw game;
• PH1(A) – statistical probability, that is ratio between quantity of victory matches at home to the common quantity of home matches;
• PH2 (A) - statistical probability, that is ratio between quantity of victory guest matches to the common quantity of guest matches;
• PH3 (A) – summary statistical probability that is (the quantity of draw games of the 1st team + the quantity of draw games of the 2nd team) / common quantity of the matches of one of teams.

       Our goal is to determine or appreciate (to forecast), for example, the win of the 1st team or to find Pa (H1). For the achieving, we use statistical data (in our examples – for current season of the Premier League – England, 2010-2011). In each example P(H1) = P(H2) = P (H3) = 1/3 (similar probability of events – win 1, win 2, draw game)

       First example is about weather bounded match in 16 tour of the Premier League (England): Blackpool – Manchester United
Let’s suppose this match’s outcome using calculation of the Bayes formula.
PH1 (A) = 2/6=0.33
PH2 (A) = 2/9=0.22
PH3 (A) = 4 (Blackpool’s draw games) + 7 (Manchester United’s draw games) / 15 (common quantity of tours) = 0.73

P (A) = 0.33*0.33+0.33*0.22+0.33*0.73 = 0.4224

Pa (H1) = 0.33*0.33/0.4224 = 0.25781 (approx. 26%)

Pa (H2) = 0.33*0.22/0.4224 = 0.17181 (approx. 17%)

Pa (H3) = 0.33*0.73/0.4224 = 0.57031 (approx. 57%)

That is 26 % - Blackpool will win Manchester United
          17 % - Manchester United will win Blackpool
             57 % - will be draw game

     Second example is about match that will be in 17 tour of the Premier League (England): Manchester United – Arsenal
PH1 (A) = 6/8=0.75
PH2 (A) = 1/7=0.14286
PH3 (A) = 7 (Manchester United’s draw games) + 7 (Arsenal’s draw games) / 15 (common quantity of tours) = 0.6

P (A) = 0.3*0.75+0.3*0.14286+0.3*0.6 = 0.447858

Pa (H1) = 0.3*0.75/0.447858 = 0.50239 (approx. 50%)

Pa (H2) = 0.3*0.14286/0.447858 = 0.0957 (approx. 10%)

Pa (H3) = 0.3*0.6/0.447858 = 0.401913 (approx. 40%)

That is 50 % - Manchester United will win Arsenal
          10 % - Arsenal will win Manchester United
             40 % - will be draw game

       Third example is about match that will be in 17 tour of the Premier League (England): Tottenham – Chelsea
PH1 (A) = 4/8=0.5
PH2 (A) = 3/8=0.375
PH3 (A) = 5 (Tottenham’s draw games) + 3 (Chelsea’s draw games) / 16 (common quantity of tours) = 0.5

P (A) = 0.3*0.5+0.3*0.375+0.3*0.5 = 0.4125

Pa (H1) = 0.3*0.5/0.4125 = 0.3636 (approx. 36%)

Pa (H2) = 0.3*0.375/0.4125 = 0.2727 (approx. 27%)

Pa (H3) = 0.3*0.5/0.4125 = 0.3636 (approx. 36%)

That is 36 % - Tottenham will win Chelsea
          28 % - Chelsea will win Tottenham
             36 % - will be draw game

        In considering of the Bayes formula’s method, we see the regularity that we use previous home and guest matches data of the team where coming match will be as well as draw games of each team of coming match meeting. One of the most important thing in this method, is that home match team has higher probability to win match than guest team. One might, we give proper weigh to previous wins during guest and home matches. In our opinion, this method is more effective than other ones. Because the forecast probability of Bayes formula equals to 65%-70%, that is odds appreciate as 7/10. Total-lot forecast does not exist, there is no method which can give such probability.

Категория: Статьи студентов | Добавил: LilyK (09.12.2010) | Автор: Lily
Просмотров: 786 | Комментарии: 15 | Рейтинг: 0.0/0 |
Всего комментариев: 2
2 Назикжан Монтаева  
0
really interesting article!! It was a joy to read it!! in next world cup I will use it =р

1 Kanat  
0
When we deal with such things as a game forecasting we can talk about only the probabilities.
The exact event is that which had taken place in a moment in the past. That is a hundred percent execution.
And there are lots of nuances need to be discussed. Hope folk will join us

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